ABSTRACT
Compared to many countries, Cuba has made significant progress in advancing women's rights and gender equity; however, disparities remain. In the country's rural communities and agricultural sector, women continue to face barriers to equal participation and recognition for the value of their work. This case study shares the story of gender equity efforts that have been conducted within the framework of a broader development project-the Project to Strengthen a System of Innovation in Local Agricultural Development (PIAL, for its initials in Spanish). PIAL began in 2001 as a participatory plant-breeding initiative aimed at increasing the genetic diversity of key crops such as maize and beans. Over the course of two decades, the project's goals expanded to include an emphasis on increasing women's participation. In the beginning, those efforts focused on including women in the participatory plant-breeding activities, which enabled them to prioritize traits they cared about such as grain texture, cooking speed, and taste in the selection process. Over time, the participatory nature of the PIAL methodology empowered women to identify and pursue capacity-building in other areas of local agricultural innovation. While PPB remained central to PIAL, women also chose to pursue opportunities in seed bank management, leadership training, and small-scale farm-based entrepreneurship. The results of the PIAL work on gender have included not just more inclusive plant breeding, but also important economic improvements for rural women as they have been able to diversify their livelihoods, and social change as they have gained confidence and recognition as leaders in their households, communities, and beyond.
ABSTRACT
RESUMEN Introducción: actualmente se considera que el cáncer bucal es un conjunto de enfermedades con gran variación de factores predisponentes. La única medida que puede aumentar los índices de curabilidad es el diagnóstico en una etapa inicial de cualquiera de los tipos histopatológicos que se desarrollan en el área bucal. Objetivo: caracterizar clínico-epidemiológica los pacientes portadores de las lesiones premalignas y malignas en el complejo bucal en el municipio La Palma, Pinar del Río entre los años 2015 a 2016. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, transversal y descriptivo cuyo universo quedó constituido por los pacientes que acudieron a los servicios estomatológicos de la clínica estomatológica "10 de Octubre", remitidos a la interconsulta de Cirugía Maxilofacial, de la que se obtuvo una muestra de 102, de ellos, portadores de entidades premalignas y malignas de la mucosa bucal en ese período. Se utilizaron las frecuencias absolutas y relativas para el análisis e interpretación de las variables. Resultados: resultó más frecuente el sexo masculino, y el grupo de edad de más de 60 años. Los labios y carrillos fueron las localizaciones anatómicas más afectadas, y los factores de riesgo que prevalecieron fueron el tabaquismo y los bordes filosos. Se empleó, fundamentalmente, la modalidad de tratamiento conservadora. Conclusiones: el conocimiento en la población sobre el Programa de Detección Precoz de Cáncer Bucal fue muy bajo.
ABSTRACT Introduction: nowadays oral cancer is considered a set of diseases with a large variation of predisposing factors. The only measure that can increase the indexes of its cure is the diagnosis in the early stages of any of the histopathological types that develop in the oral cavity. Objective: to characterize clinical and epidemiologically the patients with premalignant and malignant lesions in the oral cavity in La Palma municipality, Pinar del Río between 2015 and 2016. Methods: an observational, cross-sectional and descriptive study was carried out; the target group was constituted by the patients who attended the dentistry services at 10 de Octubre dentistry clinic, and transferred to the oral office of Maxillofacial Surgery, where a sample of 102 was taken, among them, carriers of premalignant and malignant lesions of the oral mucous membrane in that period. Absolute and relative frequencies were used for the analysis and interpretation of the variables. Results: male gender predominated, and the age group was over 60 years old. The lips and cheeks were the most affected anatomical sites, and the prevailing risk factors were smoking and sharp edges. The conservative modality of treatment was mostly used. Conclusions: knowledge concerning the Program of Early Detection of Oral Cancer in the population was very low.
